Abstract
The oil and gas industry is an important component of the fuel and energy complex of Ukraine. Together with other industries, it provides search, exploration and development of oil and gas deposits, transportation, processing, storage and sale of oil and gas, as well as their processing products. The oil and gas industry ensures the country’s energy independence, so considerable attention is paid to its condition and development. Oil and gas enterprises are considered objects of increased environmental risk based on the level of harmful effects on the natural environment. The greatest attention is paid to the problem of atmospheric pollution by harmful substances produced by the use of petroleum products, in particular automobile gasoline. In recent years, the standards limiting the emissions of harmful compounds into the atmosphere during the operation of vehicles and regulating the quality indicators of motor fuels have been revised and tightened. The rapid growth of motor vehicles leads to an increase in the number of gas stations (gas stations). Every gas station is a source of pollutants. The main polluting substances in the process of gas station operation when using gasoline, diesel fuel, and liquefied hydrocarbon gas are: gasoline, saturated hydrocarbons, propane, butane, ethane, methane. The direct sources of emissions of pollutants at gas stations during technological operations are: the breather valve of the fuel tank (organized source), the pollutant is formed during filling of the tank from a gasoline truck, as well as during storage in tanks: the mouth of the gas tank (unorganized source), pollutant is formed during refueling of the tanks of motor vehicles. Gas stations are stationary sources of air pollution due to the evaporation of gasoline and diesel fuel from their storage tanks. The content of these substances in the atmospheric air of the city is not controlled at monitoring stations. The problem of providing transport with ecologically clean fuel is recognized, in particular in the USA and EU countries, as a national security problem that requires the introduction of urgent emergency measures. Strengthening of environmental requirements for vehicles and motor fuels is also necessary in Ukraine. Therefore, the urgent problem of modern times is the development and mastering of the latest technologies for the production of automobile gasoline, which would meet the strictest environmental requirements. Therefore, the development of environmental protection measures on the territory of gas stations is an urgent task of environmental protection. In this scientific work, an analysis of various approaches to the sale of petroleum products to consumers at gas stations was carried out. The scientific work contains basic calculations related to the processes of reception, storage and release of petroleum products to consumers at gas stations. In particular, a comparative analysis of losses of oil products was carried out when filling a tank truck with an open jet, closed and combined method. On the basis of the obtained results, models were built for forecasting losses for each type of tank truck filling at gas stations